PollutionPollution Overview Reduce fugitive emissions Secure abandoned wells Eliminate Pollution Go to section OverviewReduce fugitive emissionsSecure abandoned wellsEliminate Pollution Home Search Results Oil and other liquids can leak from active wells and abandoned or ‘orphaned’ wells. TGT diagnostics locate the source and flowpaths of rogue leaks so they can be sealed off, reducing pollution.Reduce fugitive emissions Well systems are designed to connect high-pressure oil or gas in deep underground reservoirs to surface flowlines securely with full containment. Rigorous industry standards necessitate the presence of at least two ‘integrity barriers’ between produced fluids and the environment outside of the well system. Occasionally, one or more barriers can fail allowing fluids to escape, sometimes with dire consequences.   Apart from the major oil leaks that make headlines, some smaller oil and gas leaks can continue undetected for years, especially if they are hidden underground or migrate far from the well system. TGT’s Seal Integrity products are designed to locate even the smallest seal failure anywhere within the well system, enabling precise targeted repair. Used proactively, the same diagnostics can be used routinely to ensure well barriers are intact at all times, reducing fugitive emissions. MULTI-SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDY Methane emissions from upstream oil and gas operations are 1.9 GtCO2e annually. Secure orphan and abandoned wells Orphan wells typically have no legal owner and may have been abandoned without undergoing a proper decommissioning or plugging process. Methane or liquid emissions from orphan wells can be significant contaminants, especially when the number of orphan or incorrectly decommissioned wells is thought to be in the millions globally. The burden of responsibility for these wells typically falls with operators, regulators or local government, and permanently sealing them is a top priority.   Validating well barrier status and revealing emission sources downhole inside the well system is the first step in sealing these wells properly. TGT’s Seal Integrity and Tube Integrity surveys are used to achieve exactly that. Precision diagnostic insights inform and guide the decommissioning agent to design and execute an effective plugging programme. This approach is equally applicable for any well decommissioning operation, not just for orphan wells, helping operators to secure them efficiently and cost effectively. Regulators estimate >3.5 million abandoned wells in US emit 7.1 mtCO2e annually. Eliminate pollution According to the ISO standard for ‘well integrity’ (ISO/TS 16530-2), a typical well system contains 26 potential leak paths that could lead to fluids escaping the well system. This is why the standard calls for a ‘dual barrier’ approach underpinned by routine testing of well barriers. Despite these efforts, oil or other harmful fluids such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can sometimes spill to the environment.   In most cases these spills are visible or detected quickly, enabling operators to take urgent action. However, sometimes they may go undetected for months or years because there is no visible warning. An example of this might be oil or gas flowing to and contaminating aquifers. TGT’s Seal Integrity answer products are specifically aimed at locating unwanted fluid flow anywhere within the well system, enabling precise targeted repair. Used proactively, TGT diagnostics can be used to ensure well barriers are intact at all times, reducing the risk of pollution. PRIMARY SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDY A typical well system has 26 potential leak points.

Water managementWater management Overview Resource management Improve injection performance Reduce water production Go to section OverviewResource managementImprove injection performanceReduce water production Home Search Results Water is a precious natural resource that is used prolifically by the industry for a wide range of purposes, such as drilling, reservoir injection, cementing and hydraulic fracturing.Improve natural resource management Water is a precious natural resource that is used prolifically by the industry for a wide range of purposes, such as drilling, reservoir injection, cementing and hydraulic fracturing. Water can come from recycled sources, but in some areas it is sourced from natural aquifers or the oceans, and this can cause an ecological imbalance. It’s important that water is used sparingly and efficiently.   Apart from the large amounts of water used for injection, hydraulic fracturing and chemical also needs huge amounts of water to be effective. TGT has developed two specific answer products in our True Flow range that help operators assess the effectiveness of fracturing and stimulation operations—Fracture Flow and Stimulate Flow. These surveys can be deployed pre- and post-operations to help optimise fracturing and stimulation programmes, and potentially reduce associated water usage. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDY A typical hydraulic fracturing job uses 5-10 million gallons of water per well. Improve injection performance Most oil reservoirs will inevitably require additional pressure support to maintain production and improve oil recovery. Water injection is used widely for this purpose and many oilfields are injected with tens to hundreds of thousands of barrels per day. Pumping water is energy intensive and the resulting CO2 emissions can range from 1-2 kgCO2 per barrel. In fact, water injection is responsible for ~40% of total CO2 emissions for a typical oilfield.   Making matters worse, well completion and formation integrity issues can lead to water being diverted away from the target reservoir. This can result in abnormally high injection rates, reduced field production performance, and high water cut in producer wells. TGT’s True Flow products are being used globally by operators to ensure that all injected water is reaching the target and revealing where it is not. In many cases, these diagnostics lead to a significant reduction in water volumes and CO2 emissions, and increased field production. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDYFIBRE FLOW CASE STUDY Pumping 10,000 barrels of water per day produces 5.4 ktCO2 annually. Reduce water production High water cut is a persistent industry challenge responsible for unnecessarily high CO2 emissions and higher carbon per barrel. Excess water needs to be managed at surface, treated then reinjected or disposed of, and this requires energy. Also, excess water often means less oil, reduced recovery and longer production times, increasing emissions even further. And complicating the issue, produced water may be channeling from several elusive sources hidden behind the casing.   In many cases, excess water cut can be minimised or cured. If the operator can identify the true source of water downhole, measures can be taken to shut-off the water and restore oil production to lower carbon and economic levels. TGT’s True Flow products are used widely for this purpose. Unlike conventional diagnostics that can only detect water entering the wellbore, TGT’s through-barrier diagnostics can reveal the true source behind casing, enabling effective remediation, improved recovery rates and reduced carbon emissions. MULTI-SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDYTOTAL FLOW CASE STUDY High water-cut leads to higher CO2 barrel and lower oil production rates

Locate drilling fluid losses Drilling fluid losses pose a significant risk to operational safety and can stop drilling in its tracks, leading to costly delays. Pinpointing the losses rapidly and accurately is critical to continuing with safe and efficient drilling operations.   Drilling Losses pinpoints lost circulation zones rapidly and accurately, without pulling the drill string.   Delivered by our True Integrity system using the Chorus (acoustic) platform, Drilling Losses provides the precise information needed to target the right remediation approach.   Drilling Losses is used in a targeted fashion to quickly locate the lost circulation zone or zones, so normal drilling operations can resume without further delay. Challenges Drilling fluid losses Lost circulation while drilling Benefits Locate lost circulation zones rapidly to reduce downtime and cost Mitigate drilling risk Rapid deployment through drill pipe minimises disruption and cost Better remediation decisions, precisely targeted Resources Product flyers(22) Case studies(36) Product animations(21) Platform flyers(8) System flyers(2) More(183) Hardware specifications(7) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) White papers(0) Resources Related Systems & Platforms True Integrity System Flow isn't workable without integrity. And system integrity depends on the collective integrity of the tubes, seals and barriers that make a well function. LEARN MORE Platforms Chorus Indigo Maxim MediaDrilling Losses gives you the clarity and insight needed to manage the well more effectively.Drilling Losses is used in a targeted fashion to quickly locate the lost circulation zone or zones, so normal drilling operations can resume without further delay.Indicative logplot for Drilling Losses Chorus data obtained while the well was experiencing drilling fluid losses indicated active intervals which were taking the fluid. The most active zone or the major fluid loss zone was indicated at the bottom. However, there were other fluid loss zones that have a localised acoustic pattern - this could be due to contributions through the fracture network developed during the drilling process.

Locate flow before and after hydraulic fracturing Effective hydraulic fracturing requires careful planning and a huge fleet of pumps, equipment and people. Knowing how these costly resources can deliver maximum impact is literally the million-dollar question.   Fracture Flow provides the insights needed to answer that question, without the million-dollar price tag. When utilised pre- or post-fracturing, Fracture Flow evaluates actual reservoir flow profiles, so fracturing can be targeted, assessed and optimised to deliver maximum efficiency.   Delivered by our True Flow system using the Chorus (acoustic) platform and the Cascade (thermal) platform, Fracture Flow provides the clarity and insight needed to manage fracturing resources more effectively.   Fracture Flow is becoming a standard part of hydraulic fracturing programmes as operators realise the benefits of True Flow diagnostics. Challenges Evaluate flow profiles in hydraulically fractured well systems Pre- and post-hydraulic fracturing assessment Optimising fracturing programme Unexpected post-fracturing performance Unexpected water or gas breakthrough Fracture flow assessment and characterisation Identifying fracture initiation points Benefits Understand the true source of production and quantify flow profiles accurately Qualify flow to or from the fracture network to optimise production Optimise fracturing programme for improved effectiveness Identify unwanted fracture components that impact production Understand fracture density Better well and reservoir management decisions, precisely targeted Improve well system performance Resources Product flyers(22) Case studies(36) Product animations(21) Platform flyers(8) System flyers(2) More(183) Hardware specifications(7) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) White papers(0) Resources Related Systems & Platforms True Flow System Well systems connect reservoirs to the surface so injectors and producers can flow to and from the right place. LEARN MORE Platforms Chorus Cascade Indigo Maxim MediaFracture Flow provides the clarity and insight needed to manage well system performance more effectively.Well sketch shows flow scenarios before and after fracturing that Fracture Flow can evaluate.Indicative logplot for Fracture Flow A horizontal tight sand gas condensate producer was completed with non-cemented multistage ball-activated. Stage separation was achieved by dual hydraulic-activated packer. The results identified the presence of 22 active fractures, 17 were offset from flow ports, and 5 could be aligned with the flow ports producing a unique signature covering a wide frequency range. The fracture distribution varied between stages with an average of 3 active fractures per stage.

Acoustic sensing and analysis platform, revealing flow throughout the well system Fluid flow in the well system creates a rich spectrum of acoustic energy that penetrates the surroundings. This acoustic wave is encoded with information about the type of flow, and its location.   But well systems aren’t ‘recording studios’. Sound frequency and intensity vary from barely imperceptible to deafeningly loud. Noisy interference can drown out important signals. And even if the acoustic wave form is captured faithfully, the link between flow and acoustics is so complex that translating it into reliable flow information is often beyond the reach of ordinary systems.   Chorus is not a tool nor is it any ordinary platform. It delivers incredible resolution and fidelity across the widest spectrum of useful acoustic energy.   Chorus is part of our True Flow System and is used to locate and characterise flow for our True Flow products. Chorus is also part of our True Integrity System and is used to validate sealing performance (confirming there are no leaks) in well system barriers in our True Integrity Seal products. Chorus architectureProgrammes & methodsTools & measurementsProcessing & modelingAnalysis & interpretationProducts Our approach We recognise that delivering accurate diagnostics requires not only the highest fidelity measurements, but also a system-based approach. It is important to have the best sensors and measurements, but it also important to use them in the right way then filter, process and model the data into tangible answers. Therefore, we pursue a diagnostic system approach where multiple platforms come together, bringing their own unique diagnostic capability to be used in the framework of the proven workflow.   Chorus is our acoustic platform and when in the hands of our engineers and analysts, can precisely locate any kind of flow event within the entire well system.   Chorus platform follows a logical workflow where each part of the framework works to reveal a more complete picture of your flow within your well system. Pedigree 10 years of pioneering scientific research, ingenuity and direct field experience in applying spectral diagnostics to thousands of well systems globally. Four international patents for spectral acoustics and more than 60 recognised industry publications. Extensive acoustic research, testing and calibration facilities, anechoic chamber, flow loops, core analysis and test wells, enable continuous advancement of acoustic diagnostics. Experts in high-performance, low-noise electronic circuit design. Designed and built entirely in-house at our Technology Centre. Tested and proven in thousands of well systems for more than 70 international operators. Resources Platform flyers(8) Hardware specifications(7) Product flyers(22) System flyers(2) Case studies(36) More(176) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) White papers(0) ResourcesMediaSoundproofing reduces the transmission of unwanted direct sound wavesScientist working in an echoless room that's designed to prevent the reflection of both sound and electromagnetic waves