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  • Hardware specifications
    Cascade3 Specifications
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    Platform flyers
    Cascade3 Platform Marketing brochure
  • Cascade3

    The most powerful flow analysis platform ever created for horizontal well systems Made by experts for experts, Cascade3 builds on two decades of practical knowledge and experience applying science and mathematics to solving the most complex downhole flow scenarios. Incorporating the industry’s most advanced thermodynamic and hydrodynamic modelling codes, Cascade3 transforms temperature, pressure, and other well system data into continuous reservoir flow profiles. Crucially, the flow profiles reflect flow activity in and out of the reservoir, delivering the truest picture possible of reservoir behaviour and inflow/outflow downhole.  The new Horizontal Flow diagnostics powered by Cascade3 overcomes many of the challenges faced by conventional production surveys, delivering a more reliable and complete assessment of flow dynamics in horizontal wells in a wider range of completion scenarios. Equipped with the right information, asset teams can take direct action to keep well and reservoir performance on track.  Cascade3 brochure Modelling At the heart of Cascade3 is Torrent – a remarkable modelling and simulation engine that predicts the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviour of fluids and their surroundings as they flow through the well-reservoir system.     Torrent features a unique 3D fine-grid modelling framework and can simultaneously solve three distinct flow geometries – radial, spherical, and linear in fractures – reflecting the three main types of flow that occur in a horizontal well system. Apart from providing a more realistic flow modelling environment, these features mean that Cascade3 delivers accurate continuous flow profiles in a wide variety of completion and reservoir settings, including fractured formations.  FeaturesBenefits Production and Reservoir Engineers depend on downhole flow profiles to manage well and reservoir performance. Conventional wellbore production surveys can only sense certain flows entering the well completion and cannot measure inflow/outflow where it matters most – at the reservoir behind the completion. Also, even wellbore flow profiles can be compromised in open hole, and by viscous fluids, low flow rates and the complex flow regimes that occur in horizontal wells. Incorrect flow profiles can lead to missed opportunities and poor well and field management decisions.    Horizontal Flow with Cascade3 solves many of the diagnostic challenges faced by Reservoir and Production Engineers, providing them with the flow insights they need to reduce operating costs and energy consumption, and increase ultimate recovery.     Full benefits table found here. Cascade architectureProgrammes & methodsTools & measurementsProcessing & modelingAnalysis & interpretationProducts Platform partners Cascade3 works alongside three other technology platforms—Chorus, Indigo and Maxim, that together constitute the True Flow diagnostic system. Each platform has a specific role in providing Horizontal Flow insights.    Whereas Cascade3 quantifies flow activity by modelling and simulating temperature and pressure changes in the well system, Chorus locates and characterises flow activity by sensing and imaging acoustic energy. For example, Chorus data can help the analyst distinguish between wellbore flow, reservoir or matrix flow and fracture flow, and provide a clear indication of active zones. And both temperature and acoustic data can help distinguish between liquids and gas.     Multisensory Indigo provides a host of wellbore measurements, including high-precision temperature that feeds into Cascade3, pressure, and a range of standard and unique production sensors, as well as real-time data transmission to the surface. Maxim is the digital workspace where analysts plan the diagnostic programme, integrate, and process the acquired data, perform the modelling and the in-depth analysis delivered in the final Horizontal Flow answer product.  Resources Platform flyers(8) Hardware specifications(7) Case studies(36) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) More(45) Product flyers(22) System flyers(2) White papers(0) Product animations(21) Resources

  • Hardware specifications
    Cascade Hardware Specifications
  • Cascade

    Where heat measurements become flow insights Harnessing thermal energy to quantify flow, from the reservoir to the wellbore.   Fluids moving through the reservoir to the well system have thermal mass and can heat or cool the areas they touch. These temperature changes carry valuable information about fluid behaviour, particularly flow rates and profiles.   The physical laws of thermo-hydrodynamics are incredibly complex, and the interactions between them even more so. The 3D world of metal, concrete and earth that we call the 'well system' adds more complexity. Extracting accurate flow data from this environment can seem like an impossible task.   But not for Cascade.   TGT founded its business on transforming temperature changes into flow information, and since then we have taken this capability further than anyone.   Today, Cascade delivers that capability through our True Flow products to reveal flow like never before. Cascade architectureProgrammes & methodsTools & measurementsProcessing & modelingAnalysis & interpretationProducts Our approach We recognise that delivering accurate diagnostics requires not only the highest fidelity measurements, but also a system-based approach. It is important to have the best sensors and measurements, but it also important to use them in the right way and then to filter, process and model the data into tangible answers.   We pursue a diagnostic system approach where multiple platforms come together, bringing their own unique diagnostic capability to be used in the framework of the proven workflow.   Cascade is our thermal platform and, when in the hands of our engineers and analysts, can qualify and quantify any kind of flow event, critically reservoir flow, and reveal the relationship between the two. Pedigree Cascade diagnostic platform has been designed and engineered entirely in-house. More than 10 years of pioneering scientific research, ingenuity and direct field experience in applying thermal flow diagnostics to thousands of well systems globally. Advancing industry knowledge in temperature, hydrodynamics and 3D numerical modeling. Two confirmed patents (and patent pending) for specific data acquisition techniques required for reservoir flow quantification in producers and injectors. Tested and proven in several thousand well systems, servicing more than 70 international operators. More than 70 recognised industry publications. Resources Platform flyers(8) Hardware specifications(7) Case studies(36) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) More(45) Product flyers(22) System flyers(2) White papers(0) Product animations(21) ResourcesMediaOur True diagnostic systems and products extract accurate information from your well and turn it into unique actionable insights so you can manage performance safely, productively and profitably.TGT continues to advance our in-house production of key devices, components and electronic boards.

  • Platform flyers
    Cascade Platform Marketing brochure
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    TGT Diagnostics #KnowYourFlow camapign wins Gold at the Transform Awards MEA 2023

    Dubai, UAE – 24 May 2023   TGT announced today that its ‘Horizontal Flow powered by Cascade3 brand strategy and brand campaign won Gold for “Best visual identity from the energy and utilities sector” , as well as ‘highly commended’ in two other categories for 'Best Development of a New Brand Within an Existing Brand Portfolio' and 'Best Strategic or Creative Development of a New Brand', at the tenth annual Transform Awards MEA 2023.   This is the third cluster of brand accolades TGT received from the Transform awards, following its previous Gold and Silver success for the total brand transformation of its ‘TGT Diagnostics’ parent brand and Pulse1 brand strategy.   This is a tremendous achievement for the company and a credit to our talented brand team”, commented Ken Feather, Chief Marketing Officer, TGT. “We engineered and produced all aspects of the Horizontal Flow powered by Cascade3 brand, from consumer research to positioning, developing brand codes, sales collateral, media content and executing an ambitious communications campaign #KnowYourFlow. To win alongside so many iconic brands and professional brand agencies is an outstanding result. I’m very proud of the team”, continued Ken.   Horizontal Flow powered by Cascade3 technology delivers accurate assessments of flow dynamics in horizontal wells, enabling asset teams to manage well and reservoir performance more effectively, helping energy producers keep wells safe, clean and productive.   “Horizontal wells promise enormous efficiency and economic gains but are notoriously challenging to manage. Horizontal Flow with Cascade3 solves many of the diagnostic challenges faced by Reservoir and Production Engineers, providing them with the insights they need to reduce operating costs and energy consumption and increase ultimate recovery.” added Ken. Established in 2009, the annual Transform Awards recognise the most innovative, creative and successful brand work across the world. Covering seven regions, this prestigious awards programme focuses on specific aspects of the branding process and provides a platform to benchmark and showcase exemplary work in brand strategy and development.   Andrew Thomas, publishing editor of Transform magazine and founder of the Transform Awards, says, “For the past 10 years, the Transform Awards has benchmarked the best of brand strategy, creativity and design in the Middle East and Africa region. Tonight’s ceremony truly demonstrated the transformative power of brand strategy and design, and we look forward to carrying on these celebrations over the next decade.   TGT continues to focus on providing diagnostic solutions that help the oil and gas industry reduce emissions and achieve carbon-zero targets, enabling a sustainable energy future for everyone. Transform Awards MEA 2023 winners

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    A clearer picture of flow in horizontal wells

    "Horizontal wells can be both challenging and rewarding." Article featured in Oil Review Middle East (article link)   Managing their performance is a complex task for petroleum engineers and asset teams. But, with the right strategies in place, a horizontal well will usually deliver much higher levels of productivity than could be achieved with a vertical well. TGT’s new Horizontal Flow diagnostics technology has been designed to assess flow in horizontal wells and to deliver a clearer picture of well-system behaviour.     Flow inside the wellbore of a horizontal well can be challenging to decipher, but flow outside is even more complex, and way beyond the reach of conventional production logging (PL) surveys. For years, petroleum engineers have been searching for better survey options in horizontal wells and for systems that could deliver continuous flow profiles across different completion and reservoir scenarios. TGT has addressed these needs with its Horizontal Flow product, an advanced flow-diagnostics resource powered by Cascade3 technology.     This innovative technology features a powerful modelling and simulation engine that predicts the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviour of fluids and their surroundings as those fluids flow through the well-reservoir system. Horizontal Flow is specifically designed for use in horizontal wells and, using the industry’s most advanced hydrodynamic and thermodynamic modelling technologies, it can translate temperature, pressure, and other well-system data into continuous reservoir flow profiles.     These profiles deliver a true picture of inflow and outflow even in challenging wells, such as those with natural or hydraulically induced fractures. The new technology evaluates the common types of flow pattern encountered in horizontal well systems (radial, spherical and linear/fracture), thereby making it possible to assess the linear flow occurring in fractures and to determine fracture contribution. This is particularly useful when combined with the Chorus acoustic sensing system that identifies fracture locations.     Horizontal Flow helps asset teams: • establish reliable, continuous flow profiles • locate water or gas breakthroughs • reduce carbon per barrel • maintain a more accurate reservoir model • measure effective pay length • make more accurate reserves assessments • reveal crossflow problems • evaluate the performance of inflow control devices and packers • assess fractures • make more accurate production forecasts • optimise completion designs.     Production engineers, reservoir engineers and the wider asset team need to ensure that each well system performs to expectations by achieving production targets and maximising recovery. Effective management of horizontal wells can deliver huge production benefits. TGT’s new Horizontal Flow diagnostics technology offers clearer insights and helps keep well and reservoir performance on track.

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    Case studies
    CS037 Total Flow

    Challenge A high gas–oil ratio leads to unnecessarily high carbon emissions, lower oil production and increased carbon-per-barrel rates. Managing and processing excess gas requires substantial energy and capital expenditure for surface infrastructure and facilities. In this case, the aim was to identify zones for gas shut-off that would enable the operator to optimise surface infrastructure capacity, maximise oil production and minimise carbon footprint.   Well A-1 features a 7 in. x 4-1/2 in. cemented liner across several commingled oil and gas-bearing zones. Developing compartmentalised multi-stacked reservoirs using simplified well completions makes it challenging for diagnostics to determine production allocation, reveal flow assurance issues, understand reservoir connectivity, monitor individual well performance, and forecast total field production.   Gas production had already exceeded the limit of surface processing facilities for well operation with existing production rates, which meant the operator had to choke back production. In addition, the unwanted gas was taking up part of the operator’s pipeline quota and creating other transportation and flow assurance issues. The well contains at least five clastic reservoir zones, each with multiple layers, that are perforated across an interval of more than 1,500 ft. This level of complexity meant that conventional production logging tools were unable to adequately characterise flow or confidently distinguish the main gas-contributing layers. Total Flow example well sketch. Total Flow locates and quantifies wellbore and reservoir flow, and reveals the relationship between the two. Delivered by our True Flow system with Chorus and Cascade technology, Total Flow provides the clarity and insight needed to manage well system performance more effectively. Total Flow is commonly used to diagnose unexpected or undesirable well system behavior, but it can also be used proactively to ensure the well system is working properly. Solution The operator selected TGT’s Total Flow product, with Cascade, Chorus and Indigo as the main technology platforms chosen to perform the well system diagnostic survey. This would reveal which zones were contributing to the production of oil and gas, diagnose wellbore and reservoir flows, and help identify potential well integrity issues such as annulus sealing problems due to poor cement. The solution combines the sensitive, fast-response temperature sensor of the Indigo platform with high-definition acoustic sensing from Chorus that reveals active flow in the well system.   Comprehensive temperature and flow modelling with Cascade enabled TGT analysts to assess and allocate production distribution and provide accurate oil and gas flow profiles across the reservoir zones. The survey also identified active flow layers and recorded characteristic acoustic signals generated by liquid and gas flowing through reservoir media and the wellbore. Pre- and post-workover survey results illustrate the effectiveness of the gas zone isolation programme and resulting decrease of gas production, which enabled surface infrastructure to stay within its operating envelope. Result Total Flow diagnostics quantified the contribution of reservoir layers from five different zones and identified the main gas producing layers, providing a comprehensive flow profile. The operator was able to define active flow units and differentiate between flows through the reservoir matrix, the behind-casing channels and the wellbore completion components.   This enabled the operator to target and conduct an effective remediation plan. The workover involved a 200-ft-long 2-⅞- in. straddle installed to isolate the zone with the highest gas contribution. A post-workover Total Flow survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the isolation job. The straddle had isolated 83% of the gas production. This delivered a reduction of 7.9 MMscf per day at surface (equivalent to 2.8 Bscf per year).   Overall, the isolation job was considered highly successful. Identifying the main gas shut-off zones played a crucial role in optimising surface infrastructure, maximising oil production, and minimising carbon footprint for this well.

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    Case studies
    CS035 Fracture Flow

    Challenge Multistage fracturing is a highly effective development strategy for ultralow- to low-permeability reservoirs. However, in uncemented completions with fracturing sleeves and packers, it can be challenging to identify fracture initiation points and confirm the number of fractures initiated in each treatment.   A lateral wellbore in a horizontal gas producer was completed with more than 3,000 ft of open hole (OH) section across five fracturing stages in a high-temperature and high-pressure tight-gas interval. This well presented several key challenges.   With OH intervals ranging from 200 to almost 1,000 ft, the operator could not be sure how many fractures had been created or where precisely these fractures were located. The initial stage plan was not sufficient to guide packer placement. Placement had to be decided in conjunction with the caliper log and gauged hole analysis. Interstage communication owing to packer bypass or ball failure is a common problem in completions of this kind. This can be caused by higher differential pressure being exerted on the packers during fracturing. Figure 1: Active frac ports and fracture distribution across all stages and three bypassed packers. Solution Fracture Flow is delivered by TGT’s analysts and engineers using the True Flow system with Chorus and Cascade platforms. Integrating insights from a Chorus acoustic survey and Cascade temperature and flow modelling with the production logs, OH logs and calculated rock mechanical properties provides a better understanding of the fracturing process, completion performance and production performance in an OH multistage fracturing completion.   Chorus acoustics and Cascade flow modelling provided a quantitative assessment of flowing fractures and stagewise production from the reservoir behind the liner.   Multi-array production logging results quantified the flow and flow profile inside the horizontal liner. The integration of datasets was conducted in a single deployment to deliver a comprehensive understanding of well completion and production, including clear identification of water-producing intervals. Figure 2: Flow geometry and contribution across the horizontal section. Result The Fracture Flow diagnostic programme evaluated the active fracture ports and fracture contribution in each stage. It also enabled the team to assess the packers, completion integrity, and production distribution behind the liner (Figure 1). Multi-array production logging was used to investigate the flow profile entering the liner.   The survey results identified 34 active fractures and showed that some flow was bypassing several packers. Figure 2 shows the reservoir flow profile provided by Cascade and the True Flow system. Most fractures were clustered around Stage 4 and Stage 5, and this had a major impact on production. Survey results revealed good completion integrity overall, with only three bypassed hydraulic packers. The dual packer isolation systems were shown to prevent communication between contributing stages.   Based on the comprehensive analysis result the water being produced from all fracture entry ports except Stage 5, where water contribution was minimal. Engineering work decreased the water–gas ratio to 5%.