Water managementWater management Overview Resource management Improve injection performance Reduce water production Go to section OverviewResource managementImprove injection performanceReduce water production Home Search Results Water is a precious natural resource that is used prolifically by the industry for a wide range of purposes, such as drilling, reservoir injection, cementing and hydraulic fracturing.Improve natural resource management Water is a precious natural resource that is used prolifically by the industry for a wide range of purposes, such as drilling, reservoir injection, cementing and hydraulic fracturing. Water can come from recycled sources, but in some areas it is sourced from natural aquifers or the oceans, and this can cause an ecological imbalance. It’s important that water is used sparingly and efficiently.   Apart from the large amounts of water used for injection, hydraulic fracturing and chemical also needs huge amounts of water to be effective. TGT has developed two specific answer products in our True Flow range that help operators assess the effectiveness of fracturing and stimulation operations—Fracture Flow and Stimulate Flow. These surveys can be deployed pre- and post-operations to help optimise fracturing and stimulation programmes, and potentially reduce associated water usage. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDY A typical hydraulic fracturing job uses 5-10 million gallons of water per well. Improve injection performance Most oil reservoirs will inevitably require additional pressure support to maintain production and improve oil recovery. Water injection is used widely for this purpose and many oilfields are injected with tens to hundreds of thousands of barrels per day. Pumping water is energy intensive and the resulting CO2 emissions can range from 1-2 kgCO2 per barrel. In fact, water injection is responsible for ~40% of total CO2 emissions for a typical oilfield.   Making matters worse, well completion and formation integrity issues can lead to water being diverted away from the target reservoir. This can result in abnormally high injection rates, reduced field production performance, and high water cut in producer wells. TGT’s True Flow products are being used globally by operators to ensure that all injected water is reaching the target and revealing where it is not. In many cases, these diagnostics lead to a significant reduction in water volumes and CO2 emissions, and increased field production. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDYFIBRE FLOW CASE STUDY Pumping 10,000 barrels of water per day produces 5.4 ktCO2 annually. Reduce water production High water cut is a persistent industry challenge responsible for unnecessarily high CO2 emissions and higher carbon per barrel. Excess water needs to be managed at surface, treated then reinjected or disposed of, and this requires energy. Also, excess water often means less oil, reduced recovery and longer production times, increasing emissions even further. And complicating the issue, produced water may be channeling from several elusive sources hidden behind the casing.   In many cases, excess water cut can be minimised or cured. If the operator can identify the true source of water downhole, measures can be taken to shut-off the water and restore oil production to lower carbon and economic levels. TGT’s True Flow products are used widely for this purpose. Unlike conventional diagnostics that can only detect water entering the wellbore, TGT’s through-barrier diagnostics can reveal the true source behind casing, enabling effective remediation, improved recovery rates and reduced carbon emissions. MULTI-SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDYTOTAL FLOW CASE STUDY High water-cut leads to higher CO2 barrel and lower oil production rates

Energy and resource efficiencyEnergy and resource efficiency Overview Infrastructure performance Intervention efficiency Improve injection performance Reduce water production Go to section OverviewInfrastructure performanceIntervention efficiencyImprove injection performance Reduce water production Home Search Results Producing hydrocarbons requires energy. Turbines and diesel generators account for 70% of upstream CO2 emissions. Our diagnostics can help you become more energy efficient and reduce your carbon overhead.Improve infrastructure performance Building and operating hydrocarbon extraction infrastructure represents a huge investment in energy, capital, time, materials and people resources. Maximising the return on that resource must be achieved, while protecting people and the planet. If a well or reservoir is not producing to its full potential during its life then the resource that built or operates it is not being fully leveraged and some is being wasted. Equally, if maintenance and workover resources are being utilised, they should operate efficiently and contribute to overall asset performance with the goal of keeping wells safe, clean and productive.   All TGT diagnostic products are adept at revealing inefficiencies and guiding measures that enable existing infrastructure and resources to operate at maximum efficiency. For example, if a well is producing at high water cut, our Total Flow product will reveal the exact sources of water to enable targeted remediation. True Integrity products can be used proactively to identify casing weakness before the casing fails, helping to maintain asset performance and preventing more costly scenarios. Equally, because workover and rig resources are better targeted, time and energy is saved in getting the job done right first time. TOTAL FLOW CASE STUDYPRIMARY SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDY Drilling a single deepwater well can produce more than 20 ktCO2 Improve intervention efficiency Well delivery and intervention operations such as drilling, fracking, workovers, decommissioning [P&A] and diagnostic surveys require energy intensive surface equipment. Rigs, trucks, and pumps derive power from diesel engines or gas turbines that emit CO2 when the fuel is burned. A typical semi-submersible drilling rig emits roughly ~130 tCO2 per day and a Light Well Intervention vessel around 30 tCO2 per day. Improving efficiency and minimising the time to perform operations is a key factor in reducing energy consumption and emissions.   All TGT diagnostic products deliver insights that enable all types of operations to be carefully planned and precisely targeted so they can be executed efficiently with precision. Also, by enabling ‘lighter’ or ‘rigless’ interventions, our diagnostics can be deployed with minimal carbon footprint before heavier equipment is mobilised. Lastly, because through-barrier diagnostics provide a more complete picture, we provide maximum information in the minimum amount of time. Time savings translate to both cost and carbon savings and our aim is make every hour count. MULTI TUBE INTEGRITY CASE STUDY A typical Jack-up rig emits 70 tCO2 per day. Improve injection performance Most oil reservoirs will inevitably require additional pressure support to maintain production and improve oil recovery. Water injection is used widely for this purpose and many oilfields are injected with tens to hundreds of thousands of barrels per day. Pumping water is energy intensive and the resulting CO2 emissions can range from 1-2 kgCO2 per barrel. In fact, water injection is responsible for ~40% of total CO2 emissions for a typical oilfield.   Making matters worse, well completion and formation integrity issues can lead to water being diverted away from the target reservoir. This can result in abnormally high injection rates, reduced field production performance, and high water cut in producer wells. TGT’s True Flow products are being used globally by operators to ensure that all injected water is reaching the target and revealing where it is not. In many cases, these diagnostics lead to a significant reduction in water volumes and CO2 emissions, and increased field production. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDYFIBRE FLOW CASE STUDY Pumping 10,000 barrels of water per day produces 5.4 ktCO2 annually Reduce water production High water cut is a persistent industry challenge responsible for unnecessarily high CO2 emissions and higher carbon per barrel. Excess water needs to be managed at surface, treated then reinjected or disposed of, and this requires energy. Also, excess water often means less oil, reduced recovery and longer production times, increasing emissions even further. And complicating the issue, produced water may be channeling from several elusive sources hidden behind the casing.   In many cases, excess water cut can be minimised or cured. If the operator can identify the true source of water downhole, measures can be taken to shut-off the water and restore oil production to lower carbon and economic levels. TGT’s True Flow products are used widely for this purpose. Unlike conventional diagnostics that can only detect water entering the wellbore, TGT’s through-barrier diagnostics can reveal the true source behind casing, enabling effective remediation, improved recovery rates and reduced carbon emissions. MULTI-SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDYTOTAL FLOW CASE STUDY High water-cut leads to higher CO2 per barrel and lower oil production rates.

Flow diagnostics perfected for horizontal wells TGT’s Horizontal Flow product powered by Cascade3 technology overcomes the drawbacks of conventional production surveys, delivering a continuous flow profile in a wide variety of completion and reservoir scenarios, including fractured formations.  Hydrocarbon reservoirs are generally more horizontal in shape than vertical, so it makes sense that horizontal wells drilled through them provide more contact and productivity than vertical wells. However, the economic and efficiency gains of horizontal wells is matched by the complexity of managing them and the reservoirs they drain. This hefty task rests with the asset teams that must recover the maximum quantity of hydrocarbons in the safest, cleanest, and most economical way possible. Horizontal Flow brochure TGT’s new Horizontal Flow diagnostics product has been created to provide asset teams with the flow insights they need to manage horizontal well and reservoir performance more effectively.   Underpinning Horizontal Flow diagnostics is the all-new Cascade3 flow analysis platform. Cascade3 is purpose-built for horizontal wells and incorporates the industry’s most advanced thermodynamic and hydrodynamic modelling codes to transform temperature, pressure, and other well system data into continuous reservoir flow profiles. Crucially, the flow profiles reflect flow activity in and out of the reservoir, delivering the truest picture possible of inflow and outflow downhole, even in the most challenging wells. Challenges Understanding flow dynamics in the well system is the key to unlocking better well and reservoir performance, and this is especially true for horizontal wells. Flow inside the wellbore of a horizontal well can be challenging to decipher, but flow outside is even more complex, and way beyond the reach of conventional production surveys.   Horizontal Flow powered by Cascade3 can decode the complex scenarios that are typical in horizontal wells, revealing flow where it matters most—at the reservoir. This enables asset teams to solve daily challenges with confidence and certainty. Accessing reliable flow profiles Locating water/gas breakthrough Maintaining an accurate reservoir model Measuring effective pay length Making accurate reserves assessments Revealing crossflow Assessing ICDs and packers Assessing fractures Making accurate production forecasts Optimising completion designs Benefits Horizontal Flow with Cascade3 is the most powerful flow diagnostic resource ever created for horizontal well systems. The range of benefits provided is perfectly aligned with the needs of Reservoir Engineers in managing reservoir performance, and Production Engineers in managing well performance. The accurate and continuous flow profiles from Horizontal Flow are fundamental to driving both. Increase ultimate recovery Reduce opex and unit cost per barrel Reduce CO2 emissions Optimise life-of-asset production Extend economic life of asset Maintain or increase production capacity Minimise water or unwanted gas production Improve dynamic reservoir model Improve sweep efficiency Optimise fracture programs Full benefits table can be found here. Resources Product flyers(22) Case studies(36) Product animations(21) Platform flyers(8) System flyers(2) More(183) Hardware specifications(7) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) White papers(0) Resources Related Systems & Platforms True Flow System Well systems connect reservoirs to the surface so injectors and producers can flow to and from the right place. LEARN MORE Platforms Cascade3 Cascade Chorus Indigo Maxim

The most powerful flow analysis platform ever created for horizontal well systems Made by experts for experts, Cascade3 builds on two decades of practical knowledge and experience applying science and mathematics to solving the most complex downhole flow scenarios. Incorporating the industry’s most advanced thermodynamic and hydrodynamic modelling codes, Cascade3 transforms temperature, pressure, and other well system data into continuous reservoir flow profiles. Crucially, the flow profiles reflect flow activity in and out of the reservoir, delivering the truest picture possible of reservoir behaviour and inflow/outflow downhole.  The new Horizontal Flow diagnostics powered by Cascade3 overcomes many of the challenges faced by conventional production surveys, delivering a more reliable and complete assessment of flow dynamics in horizontal wells in a wider range of completion scenarios. Equipped with the right information, asset teams can take direct action to keep well and reservoir performance on track.  Cascade3 brochure Modelling At the heart of Cascade3 is Torrent – a remarkable modelling and simulation engine that predicts the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviour of fluids and their surroundings as they flow through the well-reservoir system.     Torrent features a unique 3D fine-grid modelling framework and can simultaneously solve three distinct flow geometries – radial, spherical, and linear in fractures – reflecting the three main types of flow that occur in a horizontal well system. Apart from providing a more realistic flow modelling environment, these features mean that Cascade3 delivers accurate continuous flow profiles in a wide variety of completion and reservoir settings, including fractured formations.  FeaturesBenefits Production and Reservoir Engineers depend on downhole flow profiles to manage well and reservoir performance. Conventional wellbore production surveys can only sense certain flows entering the well completion and cannot measure inflow/outflow where it matters most – at the reservoir behind the completion. Also, even wellbore flow profiles can be compromised in open hole, and by viscous fluids, low flow rates and the complex flow regimes that occur in horizontal wells. Incorrect flow profiles can lead to missed opportunities and poor well and field management decisions.    Horizontal Flow with Cascade3 solves many of the diagnostic challenges faced by Reservoir and Production Engineers, providing them with the flow insights they need to reduce operating costs and energy consumption, and increase ultimate recovery.     Full benefits table found here. Cascade architectureProgrammes & methodsTools & measurementsProcessing & modelingAnalysis & interpretationProducts Platform partners Cascade3 works alongside three other technology platforms—Chorus, Indigo and Maxim, that together constitute the True Flow diagnostic system. Each platform has a specific role in providing Horizontal Flow insights.    Whereas Cascade3 quantifies flow activity by modelling and simulating temperature and pressure changes in the well system, Chorus locates and characterises flow activity by sensing and imaging acoustic energy. For example, Chorus data can help the analyst distinguish between wellbore flow, reservoir or matrix flow and fracture flow, and provide a clear indication of active zones. And both temperature and acoustic data can help distinguish between liquids and gas.     Multisensory Indigo provides a host of wellbore measurements, including high-precision temperature that feeds into Cascade3, pressure, and a range of standard and unique production sensors, as well as real-time data transmission to the surface. Maxim is the digital workspace where analysts plan the diagnostic programme, integrate, and process the acquired data, perform the modelling and the in-depth analysis delivered in the final Horizontal Flow answer product.  Resources Platform flyers(8) Hardware specifications(7) Case studies(36) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) More(45) Product flyers(22) System flyers(2) White papers(0) Product animations(21) Resources

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