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  • Technical papers
    SPE-198605-MS – New Techniques of Through-Barrier Diagnostics to Improve Integrity Management Decisions in Reservoir Development of Complex Reservoirs
  • Technical papers
    SPE-198605-MS-New Techniques Of Through-barrier Diagnostics To Improve Integrity Management Decisions In Reservoir Development Of Complex Reservoirs
  • Technical papers
    OTC-28601-MS – Verifying Local Oil Reserves Using Multi-Well Pressure Pulse Code Testing
  • ChorusX

    The industry’s most advanced acoustic sensing and analysis platform Bringing a new level of clarity, precision, and certainty to well system acoustics A flowing well is full of sound encoded with information about the flow that created it. This, and the fact that sound energy penetrates through well and reservoir materials, is why acoustics has become a powerful diagnostic technique for locating and characterising flow. However, the fidelity and resolution of the sound recording, and the effectiveness of processing and analysis technologies all have a direct bearing on the accuracy and certainty of the diagnosis and resulting decisions.   The well reservoir system is a challenging environment for capturing and analysing the high-fidelity sound required for precise diagnostics. There is a combination of materials and fluids with different acoustic properties, multiple boundaries and mechanical noise that act together to create a complex spectrum of acoustic energy. Decoding the sound and extracting useful flow information from this cacophony requires a special combination of technology, expertise, and experience.   TGT has been advancing the use of acoustics to locate and characterise flow in the well system for two decades. The Chorus brand is already recognised for its sensitivity and dynamic range when capturing high-fidelity flow sounds. Our new generation ChorusX platform takes this acoustic capability to a whole new level to deliver exceptional precision, clarity and certainty. ChorusX brochure ChorusX ingredients ChorusX is the sum of many parts that work in concert to deliver a range of important benefits to analysts and customers. Each ingredient is special in its own way, but the big wins occur when they are multiplied together.   Features Explained Benefits ChorusX has been designed to overcome the limitations of conventional acoustic technology and to provide the three essential capabilities of an effective flow-finding resource.   Reach Ultrahigh sensitivity and extreme dynamic range give ChorusX the spatial and audible reach to record the furthest and quietest flows.   Identify Four new high-definition acoustic maps enable analysts to recognise and distinguish different types of flow easily and confidently.   Locate Eight high-definition array sensors and a unique phase analysis engine work join forces to pinpoint flow sources everywhere in the well system in depth, and radial distance. Diagnostics products and applications Well systems perform by connecting the right fluids to the right places, and mapping flow dynamics downhole is essential to keeping wells safe, clean and productive. ChorusX provides asset teams with the flow insights they need to manage well and reservoir performance more effectively.   As an integral part of TGT’s ‘True Flow’ and ‘True Integrity’ diagnostic systems, ChorusX capability is available through a range of application-specific answer products. Through these answer products, ChorusX delivers clear, complementary answers that enable analysts and customers to reach an accurate diagnosis more efficiently. A robust and accurate picture of the well system enables better decisions and positive outcomes. This means that, when remediation plans are being implemented, there is a greater prospect of first-time success.   True Flow products help asset teams to understand flow dynamics between the reservoir formations and the well completion. Notably, these answer products reveal flow where it matters most—at the reservoir. Some of the distinct True Flow applications and benefits brought by ChorusX include fracture assessment, delineating active formations, and distinguishing between reservoir flow and completion flow.   True Integrity / Seal Integrity products help asset teams to validate the performance of seals and barriers throughout the well system, including packers, cemented annuli, tubulars, and valves. Typical applications for ChorusX include revealing low-rate leaks, tracing the source of B and C annulus pressure, and resolving leaks in close proximity to each other. Resources Platform flyers(8) Hardware specifications(7) Case studies(36) Technical papers(128) Intellectual property(48) More(45) Product flyers(22) System flyers(2) White papers(0) Product animations(21) Resources

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    Case studies
    CS032 Multi Seal Integrity

    Challenge The gas-lift producer in this case study had been shut-in due to sustained annulus pressure (200 bar) and excessive volumes of H2S that could not be handled by the production facilities. The operator wanted to assess primary barrier integrity and guide a workover programme. Traditional diagnostics methods, such as production logging tools (PLT) and temperature logs, were deemed inefficient because they could scan only the production tubing and were unable to confirm the integrity of the packer and production casing. Identifying and shutting off the source of the water with high H2S content would protect the environment and deliver a production gain of 2,050 barrels of oil per day (BPD). Eliminating the production of highly toxic H2S and ensuring its containment within the well system would also deliver important environmental and safety benefits. Figure 1: Failures in the gas-lift mandrels (or gas-lift valves) were indicated by Chorus spectral acoustic diagnostics. Conventional production logging tools failed to identify any of these leaks. Solution TGT’s True Integrity system with Chorus technology uses spectral acoustic methods to assess barrier sealing performance. The system offers a large scanning radius and the sensitivity to detect even small leaks. The ability to indicate failures in the tubing, in the casing behind the tubing, and in key completion components such as the production packer and gas-lift mandrels makes this technology highly effective at establishing the best approach for remediation when barrier failures occur.   High precision surveys across the reservoir zone characterised the flow and its content, thereby guiding operations for shutting off the water zone with high H2S content. Traditional PLT methods would not have been enough to make this identification as the water source may be above or below the perforated interval. The diagnostics also revealed the effectiveness of cement sealing across the reservoir zones. Figure 2: Reservoir crossflow under shut-in and bleed-off conditions. The zone at 13,440 ft shows flow upwards and downwards and charges the wellbore with water. This zone was isolated using a straddle packer. Result The Multi Seal Integrity product with Chorus technology revealed leaks in all four of the well’s gas-lift mandrels (Figure 1). Having confirmed that the failures were only in the mandrels, the operator changed them using the slickline, thereby eliminating the issue of sustained annulus pressure. Traditional sensors, such as spinner, resistivity and capacitance had not identified an issue in the mandrels, which indicates that the leaks were below their detection thresholds.   TGT’s diagnostics solution also identified an active crossflow between the perforated intervals in this well (Figure 2). The direction and content of the crossflow were determined, indicating which zone had to be isolated. Verifying cement integrity behind the casing enabled the operator to select a cost-effective isolation programme that involved running straddle packers across the interval that was producing the water containing H2S.   After the workover, the well returned to H2S-free production with oil rate increased by 2,050 BPD and reduction in water cut from 96 to 80%. Increased oil production at a reduced water cut boosts recovery efficiency, enabling the operator to extract hydrocarbons in a shorter time period, and to reduce energy consumption and carbon- per-barrel over the life of field. In addition, having less water to manage and treat at surface reduces the energy requirement and emissions associated with these processes.

  • Water management

    Water managementWater management Overview Resource management Improve injection performance Reduce water production Go to section OverviewResource managementImprove injection performanceReduce water production Home Search Results Water is a precious natural resource that is used prolifically by the industry for a wide range of purposes, such as drilling, reservoir injection, cementing and hydraulic fracturing.Improve natural resource management Water is a precious natural resource that is used prolifically by the industry for a wide range of purposes, such as drilling, reservoir injection, cementing and hydraulic fracturing. Water can come from recycled sources, but in some areas it is sourced from natural aquifers or the oceans, and this can cause an ecological imbalance. It’s important that water is used sparingly and efficiently.   Apart from the large amounts of water used for injection, hydraulic fracturing and chemical also needs huge amounts of water to be effective. TGT has developed two specific answer products in our True Flow range that help operators assess the effectiveness of fracturing and stimulation operations—Fracture Flow and Stimulate Flow. These surveys can be deployed pre- and post-operations to help optimise fracturing and stimulation programmes, and potentially reduce associated water usage. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDY A typical hydraulic fracturing job uses 5-10 million gallons of water per well. Improve injection performance Most oil reservoirs will inevitably require additional pressure support to maintain production and improve oil recovery. Water injection is used widely for this purpose and many oilfields are injected with tens to hundreds of thousands of barrels per day. Pumping water is energy intensive and the resulting CO2 emissions can range from 1-2 kgCO2 per barrel. In fact, water injection is responsible for ~40% of total CO2 emissions for a typical oilfield.   Making matters worse, well completion and formation integrity issues can lead to water being diverted away from the target reservoir. This can result in abnormally high injection rates, reduced field production performance, and high water cut in producer wells. TGT’s True Flow products are being used globally by operators to ensure that all injected water is reaching the target and revealing where it is not. In many cases, these diagnostics lead to a significant reduction in water volumes and CO2 emissions, and increased field production. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDYFIBRE FLOW CASE STUDY Pumping 10,000 barrels of water per day produces 5.4 ktCO2 annually. Reduce water production High water cut is a persistent industry challenge responsible for unnecessarily high CO2 emissions and higher carbon per barrel. Excess water needs to be managed at surface, treated then reinjected or disposed of, and this requires energy. Also, excess water often means less oil, reduced recovery and longer production times, increasing emissions even further. And complicating the issue, produced water may be channeling from several elusive sources hidden behind the casing.   In many cases, excess water cut can be minimised or cured. If the operator can identify the true source of water downhole, measures can be taken to shut-off the water and restore oil production to lower carbon and economic levels. TGT’s True Flow products are used widely for this purpose. Unlike conventional diagnostics that can only detect water entering the wellbore, TGT’s through-barrier diagnostics can reveal the true source behind casing, enabling effective remediation, improved recovery rates and reduced carbon emissions. MULTI-SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDYTOTAL FLOW CASE STUDY High water-cut leads to higher CO2 barrel and lower oil production rates

  • Energy and resource efficiency

    Energy and resource efficiencyEnergy and resource efficiency Overview Infrastructure performance Intervention efficiency Improve injection performance Reduce water production Go to section OverviewInfrastructure performanceIntervention efficiencyImprove injection performance Reduce water production Home Search Results Producing hydrocarbons requires energy. Turbines and diesel generators account for 70% of upstream CO2 emissions. Our diagnostics can help you become more energy efficient and reduce your carbon overhead.Improve infrastructure performance Building and operating hydrocarbon extraction infrastructure represents a huge investment in energy, capital, time, materials and people resources. Maximising the return on that resource must be achieved, while protecting people and the planet. If a well or reservoir is not producing to its full potential during its life then the resource that built or operates it is not being fully leveraged and some is being wasted. Equally, if maintenance and workover resources are being utilised, they should operate efficiently and contribute to overall asset performance with the goal of keeping wells safe, clean and productive.   All TGT diagnostic products are adept at revealing inefficiencies and guiding measures that enable existing infrastructure and resources to operate at maximum efficiency. For example, if a well is producing at high water cut, our Total Flow product will reveal the exact sources of water to enable targeted remediation. True Integrity products can be used proactively to identify casing weakness before the casing fails, helping to maintain asset performance and preventing more costly scenarios. Equally, because workover and rig resources are better targeted, time and energy is saved in getting the job done right first time. TOTAL FLOW CASE STUDYPRIMARY SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDY Drilling a single deepwater well can produce more than 20 ktCO2 Improve intervention efficiency Well delivery and intervention operations such as drilling, fracking, workovers, decommissioning [P&A] and diagnostic surveys require energy intensive surface equipment. Rigs, trucks, and pumps derive power from diesel engines or gas turbines that emit CO2 when the fuel is burned. A typical semi-submersible drilling rig emits roughly ~130 tCO2 per day and a Light Well Intervention vessel around 30 tCO2 per day. Improving efficiency and minimising the time to perform operations is a key factor in reducing energy consumption and emissions.   All TGT diagnostic products deliver insights that enable all types of operations to be carefully planned and precisely targeted so they can be executed efficiently with precision. Also, by enabling ‘lighter’ or ‘rigless’ interventions, our diagnostics can be deployed with minimal carbon footprint before heavier equipment is mobilised. Lastly, because through-barrier diagnostics provide a more complete picture, we provide maximum information in the minimum amount of time. Time savings translate to both cost and carbon savings and our aim is make every hour count. MULTI TUBE INTEGRITY CASE STUDY A typical Jack-up rig emits 70 tCO2 per day. Improve injection performance Most oil reservoirs will inevitably require additional pressure support to maintain production and improve oil recovery. Water injection is used widely for this purpose and many oilfields are injected with tens to hundreds of thousands of barrels per day. Pumping water is energy intensive and the resulting CO2 emissions can range from 1-2 kgCO2 per barrel. In fact, water injection is responsible for ~40% of total CO2 emissions for a typical oilfield.   Making matters worse, well completion and formation integrity issues can lead to water being diverted away from the target reservoir. This can result in abnormally high injection rates, reduced field production performance, and high water cut in producer wells. TGT’s True Flow products are being used globally by operators to ensure that all injected water is reaching the target and revealing where it is not. In many cases, these diagnostics lead to a significant reduction in water volumes and CO2 emissions, and increased field production. RESERVOIR FLOW CASE STUDYFIBRE FLOW CASE STUDY Pumping 10,000 barrels of water per day produces 5.4 ktCO2 annually Reduce water production High water cut is a persistent industry challenge responsible for unnecessarily high CO2 emissions and higher carbon per barrel. Excess water needs to be managed at surface, treated then reinjected or disposed of, and this requires energy. Also, excess water often means less oil, reduced recovery and longer production times, increasing emissions even further. And complicating the issue, produced water may be channeling from several elusive sources hidden behind the casing.   In many cases, excess water cut can be minimised or cured. If the operator can identify the true source of water downhole, measures can be taken to shut-off the water and restore oil production to lower carbon and economic levels. TGT’s True Flow products are used widely for this purpose. Unlike conventional diagnostics that can only detect water entering the wellbore, TGT’s through-barrier diagnostics can reveal the true source behind casing, enabling effective remediation, improved recovery rates and reduced carbon emissions. MULTI-SEAL INTEGRITY CASE STUDYTOTAL FLOW CASE STUDY High water-cut leads to higher CO2 per barrel and lower oil production rates.